Museum Wash

Ocotillo's Waterlogged History

An account of Hurricane Kathleen

On the night of September 9th, 1976, Hurricane Kathleen struck southern California, dumping about a foot of rain in the San Diego mountains overnight. While classified as a tropical storm, it produced wind gusts of 70-80 knots. The following morning, September 10th, Alan Zingheim accompanied his father to tend to their family ranch in the unincorporated part of Imperial County. Surprisingly, it was a sunny morning, indicating the storm had largely passed. However, they noticed sunlight reflecting off the San Diego mountains to the west, resembling a "sparkle." Concerned, his dad suspected it looked like water, and soon after, they heard flash flood warnings on the radio.

Prompted by his worried mother, they evacuated the ranch. Upon their return, they discovered that a massive 10-foot wall of water had inundated the Imperial Valley desert floor, wiping out the town of Ocotillo and claiming lives on Interstate 8. Their ranch was submerged under three feet of water, ruining their dad's crops. This tragic event led to the sale of their ranch and they relocated to the San Diego area. Meteorologists suggest that such storms occur every roughly every 25-50 years. Ocotillo is particularly vulnerable, as it is situated on an alluvial fan, where water converges from various sources, leaving it susceptible to similar disasters in the future.

1) Damage to the highway; 2) Aerial view of Ocotillo flooding; 3) Bulldozers scrape a detour

More recent threats

In August 2023, a category 4 Pacific hurricane named Hilary wrecked havoc on Baja California, where it made landfall, before eventually reaching southern California and drenching Imperial County. Hilary was the first tropical storm to enter California since Nora in 1997 and its rapidly intensifying potential winds of up to 145 mph (235 km/h) caused the National Hurricane Center to issue its first ever tropical storm warning for southern California. Authorities and the media warned of "catastrophic and life-threatening flooding" with some areas expected to receive "more than a year’s worth of rain," which led many to temporarily relocate to higher ground, place sandbags, and take other precautionary measures.

Thanks in large part to the mountain ranges of Mexicali Valley, which acted a natural barrier, the storm was ultimately not nearly as destructive as anticipated. While there were no reported fatalities linked to Hilary in Imperial County, it caused major flooding on many roads and in low-lying areas such as Ocotillo. The eastbound lanes of Interstate 8, which passes through Ocotillo on its way to San Diego, were closed after heavy rains caused a rockslide in the mountains.


Flooding in Ocotillo due to Hilary

Photo credits: Caltrans, Rick McCarthy, San Diego Union Tribune, Alan Zingheim